Complications of Surgical Interventions for Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. Many women have them, and while some experience no symptoms, others may deal with heavy periods, pain, or pressure in the abdomen. In such cases, doctors may recommend surgical treatment to remove the fibroids or, in some cases, the uterus itself.
Surgery can be very effective, but like any medical procedure, it comes with potential complications. Understanding these risks helps patients make informed decisions and know what to expect during recovery.
Common Surgical Options for Fibroids
Before looking at the complications, let’s briefly review the main types of surgeries for fibroids:
- Myomectomy: Removal of the fibroids while keeping the uterus. It can be done through open surgery, laparoscopy, or hysteroscopy.
- Hysterectomy: Removal of the entire uterus. This is the only permanent cure for fibroids and is considered when other treatments fail.
- Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): A non-surgical option that blocks blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink. The most commonly used type of UAE is Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE).
Complications That Can Happen After Surgery
While many women recover well after fibroid surgery, there are risks involved. Here are some of the most common complications:
- Bleeding and Blood Loss
All surgeries carry the risk of bleeding. The blood loss can be significant in fibroid surgeries, especially when fibroids are large or numerous. In some cases, a blood transfusion may be needed.
- Infection
Infections can develop after any surgical procedure. This might include infection at the incision site or internally in the uterus or surrounding organs. Doctors usually prescribe antibiotics to reduce this risk.
- Scarring and Adhesions
After surgery, scar tissue can form inside the abdomen or uterus. These adhesions can cause pain, blockage of the fallopian tubes, or complications in future pregnancies.
- Problems with Future Pregnancy
After a myomectomy, the uterus may have a weakened wall where fibroids are removed. This can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy, such as:
- Uterine rupture during labor (rare but serious)
- Need for cesarean section.
- Difficulty getting pregnant if the uterine lining is affected
That’s why it’s important to discuss pregnancy plans with your doctor before choosing a surgical option.
- Lower Body Fatigue
In women who had a hysterectomy, lower body fatigue is common. As the uterus is removed, that results in increased pressure on the pelvic area due to a void and leads to pain and fatigue in the pelvic region and lower limbs and sometimes back pain.
- Menopausal Symptoms (After Hysterectomy)
If the ovaries are removed during hysterectomy, a woman will enter surgical menopause. This can bring on symptoms such as:
- Hot flashes
- Mood swings
- Vaginal dryness
- Sleep problems
Even when ovaries are kept, some women may experience early menopause after surgery.
Surgery for fibroids can bring great relief, mainly when symptoms affect daily life. However, it’s essential to understand that these procedures are not without risks. By discussing all options with your doctor, including the type of surgery, possible complications, and your plans for pregnancy, you can make the best choice for your health and lifestyle.
